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startle response
The startle response is a defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, and is associated with negative affect.〔Rammirez-Moreno,David."A computational model for the modulation of the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex". Biological Cybernetics,2012,p.169〕 Usually the onset of the startle response is a reflex reaction. The startle reflex is a brainstem reflectory reaction (reflex) that serves to protect the back of the neck (whole-body startle) and the eyes (eyeblink) and facilitates escape from sudden stimuli. It is found across the lifespan of many species. An individual's emotional state may lead to a variety of responses.
==Neuromotor examination==
During neuromotor examinations of newborns, it is noted that, for a number of techniques, the patterns of the startle reaction and the Moro reflex may significantly overlap, the notable distinction being the absence of arm abduction (spreading) during startle responses.〔http://books.google.com/books?id=2chdTE4SHE8C&pg=PA472〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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